Alok Bhattacharya. Leif A. Associate editor: Howard Ochman. Cite Cite Sarbashis Das, B. Select Format Select format. Permissions Icon Permissions. Abstract Mycobacterium phlei , a nontuberculosis mycobacterial species, was first described in — Issue Section:. Download all slides. View Metrics. Email alerts Article activity alert. Advance article alerts. New issue alert. In progress issue alert. Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic.
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Termination will not affect Pacific Biosciences' rights or your obligations which accrued before the termination. I have read and understand, and agree to, the Image Usage Agreement. Analysis of horizontally acquired genes in Mycobacterium phlei. A Bar plot showing percentage of common horizontally acquired genes in different functional categories. B Percentage of horizontally acquired genes in different subsystems of the category Amino Acids and Derivatives.
C Clustering of horizontally acquired genes across different environmental and nonenvironmental mycobacteria for which complete genomes are available. D Putative donors of the predicted horizontally acquired genes; color code dark to light indicates high to low number of genes acquired. We next compared the distribution of the M. Conceivably this is because their habitats are similar ecological niches. Subsequently, we identify possible donors of the M. In contrast, the tree generated using Mycobacterium core genes revealed that the closest neighbors of M.
Phylogenetic analysis. The percentage values in the nodes represent bootstrap values generated by 1, cycles. Polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine, and cadaverine are essential for bacterial growth and influence biofilm formation Patel et al.
Among these, the ornithine decarboxylase, arginine decarboxylase, and agmatine ureohydrolase genes are involved in the biosynthesis of putrescine. A Genes involved in uptake and metabolism of polyamines predicted to be present in M. B Predicted mce genes and operons in M. Comparative analysis using complete mycobacterial genomes revealed that several genes related to polyamine metabolism and transport could not be predicted in pathogenic mycobacteria, including M.
M ycobacterium phlei and M. Comparative analysis of genes involved in glycerol uptake and utilization pathways in these two species revealed that several genes are missing in the M.
Given that M. In this context, we also noted that addition of glycerol to the media resulted in a M. S5 B , Supplementary Material online. The mammalian cell entry mce genes encode proteins involved in cell invasion Arruda et al. The mce I and mce II clusters are conserved in both environmental and nonenvironmental mycobacteria with the exception of M ycobacterium abscessus and M ycobacterium massiliense in which only a few mce I and mce II genes are present fig.
The mce III—X clusters are partially conserved within many environmental mycobacteria while several mce genes are only present in mycobacteria belonging to the MTB complex four in M. It therefore appears that M. S6 , Supplementary Material online. However, M. Orthologs of these two partial genes were also predicted to be present in the M. Moreover, we also predicted the presence of mbtT , which is absent in M.
This system encompasses a signature gene of Type 1 cas 3 and several type-dependent genes, cse 1, cse 2, cse 4, and cas 5 supplementary fig. S7 , Supplementary Material online.
The genome sizes of five M. In conclusion, the five M. In this context, we raise the question whether M. Our data also revealed that 4, genes are common among all M. Among mycobacteria these genes can therefore be considered to constitute the species signature for M.
Some of these genes relate to polyamine biosynthesis and to functions that are linked to the presence of unique mce genes. The majority of these genes were, however, classified as encoding hypothetical proteins and several were also classified as HGT genes that originate from other environmental bacteria belonging to, for example, Streptomycetales and Pseudonocardiales figs.
Identification of the functions of these unique M. To conclude, the genomes for the different M. Bhattacharya acknowledges the Department of Biotechnology, India.
National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Genome Biol Evol v. Genome Biol Evol. Published online Mar 3. Sarbashis Das , 1 B.
Fredrik Pettersson. Leif A. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Accepted Feb For commercial re-use, please contact journals. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.
Abstract Mycobacterium phlei , a nontuberculosis mycobacterial species, was first described in — Keywords: Mycobacterium phlei genome sequence, mycobacterial growth, comparative genome analysis, mycobacterial phylogeny. Introduction The grass bacillus, Mycobacterium phlei , was first described in — as a member of the order Actinomycetales and it is found in the environment Gordon and Smith ; Wayne et al. Phylogenetic Analysis Phylogenetic analysis was performed using 1 16S rDNA and 2 Mycobacterium core genes from 36 complete genomes as of June supplementary table S1 , Supplementary Material online ; Das et al.
Open in a separate window. Core and Unique Genes and Functional Classification Core genes, which represent genes having orthologs in all six strains, cover almost M ycobacterium p hlei Genes Polyamine Metabolism Polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine, and cadaverine are essential for bacterial growth and influence biofilm formation Patel et al. Glycerol Utilization M ycobacterium phlei and M.
Mammalian Cell Entry Genes The mammalian cell entry mce genes encode proteins involved in cell invasion Arruda et al. Supplementary Data: Click here to view. Literature Cited Abdallah AM, et al. J Bacteriol. J Rheumatol.
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